Producing and Promoting the Sports Gambling Industry since the 2018 United States Supreme Court Ruling: A Review of Organizational Action through Suspense Theory

Main Article Content

John A Fortunato

Abstract

Sports gambling is a way for people to experience the emotions caused by suspense.  Suspense is predicated and enhanced along the dimensions of outcome uncertainty and a rooting interest in the outcome.  Suspense for a sporting event is increased through gambling by creating outcome uncertainty and a rooting interest beyond the result of an actual game.  The 2018 United States Supreme Court ruling that permits states to legalize wagering on sports games altered the sports gambling industry by giving more people the ability to bet on games.  Several states are facilitating sports betting by allowing wagering through online and mobile platforms.  Beyond what is legally permitted, sports gambling participation is influenced by how the activity is promoted.  State governments, sports leagues and teams, sports gambling operators, and media companies are all in position to capitalize economically on an increase in sports gambling, therefore, their actions in producing and promoting the sports gambling industry since the Supreme Court ruling are in need of study.  The alignment of organizational action with suspense theory lends insight into what is actually occurring in the sports gambling industry and can serve to better anticipate future industry developments.

Article Details

Section
Articles
Author Biography

John A Fortunato, Fordham University Gabelli School of Business Area of Communication and Media Management

Professor, Gabelli School of Business, Area of Communication and Media Management

References

Beaton, A. (May 16, 2018). NFL sees a gambling windfall. Wall Street Journal, p. A14.

Beaton, A. (February 22-23, 2020). NFL: Teams can make sportsbook deals. Wall Street Journal, p. A2.

Ballamy, R.V., Jr. (2006). Sports media: A modern institution. In A.A. Raney & J. Bryant (eds.), Handbook of sports and media, (pp. 63-76). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Berkowitz, J, Depken, C.A., & Wilson, D.P. (2011) When going in circles is going backward: Outcome uncertainty in NASCAR. Journal of Sports Economics, 12(3), 253-283.

Bernhard, B.J., & Eade, V.H. (2005). Gambling in a fantasy world: An exploratory study of rotisserie baseball games. UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal, 9(1), 29-42.

Binde, P. (2007). Selling dreams – or causing nightmares? On gambling advertising and problem gambling. Journal of Gambling Issues, 20, 167-191.

Bruell, A. & Ramachandran, S. (2018, May 19-20). Sports betting excites media firms. Wall Street Journal, p. B3.

Calvert, S., & King, K. (June 6, 2018). Sports betting expanded: Delaware is first state to add gambling on games since May’s Supreme Court ruling. Wall Street Journal, p. A3.

Cameron, N. (2009). Understanding sponsorship and its measurement implications. Journal of Sponsorship, 2(2), 131-139.

Cano, R. (2019, June 9). NBA, MLB still want a piece of the action. Newark Star-Ledger, A12.

Claussen, C.L., & Miller, L.K. (2001). The gambling industry and sports gambling: A stake in the game? Journal of Sport Management, 15, 350-363.

Fischer, B., & King, B. (2019, August 19-25). To get into NFL, sportsbooks will have to play ball. Street & Smith’s Sports Business Journal, 21(5), p. 5.

Fortunato, J.A. (2013). Sports sponsorship: Principles & practices. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co. Publishing.

Friend, K., & Ladd, G. (2009). Youth gambling advertising: A Review of some of the lessons learned from tobacco control. Drug, Education, Prevention and Policy, 16(4), 283-297.

Gainsbury, S.M., Delfabbro, P. King, D.L., & Hing, N. (2016). An exploratory study of gambling operators’ use of social media and the latent messages conveyed. Journal of Gambling Studies, 32(1), 125-141.

Hing, N., Cherney, L., Blasczynski, A., Gainsbury, S.M., & Lubman, D.I. (2014). Do advertising and promotions for online gambling increase gambling consumption? An exploratory study. International Gambling Studies, 14(3), 394-409.

Humphreys, B.R., Lee, Y.S., & Soebbing, B.P. (2011). Modeling consumers participation in gambling markets and frequency of gambling. The Journal of Gambling Business and Economics, 5, 1-22.

Johnson, B. (2018, June 8). A big win for sports wagering. Newark Star-Ledger, 1, 11.

Johnson, B., & Salant, J.D. (2018, May 15). Place your bets: Supreme Court sides with N.J., overturning ban. Newark Star-Ledger, 1,6.

Karp, A. (2020, January 13-19). The shield’s dominance continues. Street & Smith’s Sports Business Journal, 22(38), p. 6-7.

Kendall, B., Kirkham, C., & Beaton, A. (2018, May 15). High court voids ban on sports gambling. Wall Street Journal, p. A1, A2.

King, B. (2018, May 21-27). ‘Now it’s real.’ So what now? States, sports look to pounce on legal betting. Street & Smith’s Sports Business Journal, 21(6), p. 1, 24-25.

King, B. (2019a, April 15-21). One size does not fit all. Street & Smith’s Sports Business Journal, 22(2), p. 21-23, 26-29.

King, B. (2019b, June 10-16). Restrictions complicate new Illinois betting law. Street & Smith’s Sports Business Journal, 22(10), p. 8.

King, B. (2019c, November 4-10). NBA deal with DraftKings shows shift in data value. Street & Smith’s Sports Business Journal, 22(30), p. 9.

King, B. (2020, January 20-26). MVP race: Sportsbooks vying for early adopters. Street & Smith’s Sports Business Journal, 22(39), p. 12.

King, B., & Lombardo, J. (2018, August 6-12). NBA first-move deal lays path for future. Street & Smith’s Sports Business Journal, 21(16), p. 6-7.

Kirkham, C. (2018, July 14-15). Online sports betting beckons for U.S. states. Wall Street Journal, p. B3.

Kirkham, C., & Bachman, R. (2019, May 15). Leagues, states make sports-betting play. Wall Street Journal, p. A3.

Knobloch-Westerwick, S., David, P., Eastin, M.S., Tamborini, R., & Greenwood, D. (2009). Sports spectators’ suspense: Affect and uncertainty in sports entertainment. Journal of Communication, 59, 750-767.

Krouse, S. (2019, November 12). Sports betting to get boost from 5G. Wall Street Journal, p. R10.

Kwak, D.H., & Kim, Y.K. (2013). The impact of sport publicity on fans’ emotion, future prediction, and behavioral response. In P.M. Pedersen (Ed.). Routledge Handbook of Sport Communication (pp. 178-187). New York, NY: Routledge.

Lamont, M., Hing, N., & Gainsbury, S. (2011). Gambling on sport sponsorship: A conceptual framework for research and regulatory review. Sport Management Review 14, 246-257.

Mierswa, M.T. (2014). Poor man wanna be rich, rich man wanna be king: The battle to legalize sports betting in the Garden State. Seton Hall Legislative Journal, 38(2), 447-478.

Monaghan, S., Derevensky, J., & Sklar, A. (2008). Impact of gambling advertisements and marketing on children and adolescents: Policy recommendations to minimize harm. Journal of Gambling Issues, 22, 252-274.

Mullin, B. (2019, June 11). Networks ante up for sports-bet jackpot. Wall Street Journal, p. B1.

Nelson, T.F., LaBrie, R.A., LaPlante, D.A., Stanton, M., Shaffer, H.J., & Wechsler, H. (2007). Sports betting and other gambling in athletes, fans, and other college students. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 78, 271-283.

Nesbit, T.M., & King, K.A. (2010). The impact of fantasy sports on television viewership. Journal of Media Economics, 23, 24-41.

O’Reilly, N., & Lafrance Horning, D. (2013). Leveraging sponsorship: The activation ratio. Sport Management Review, 16, 424-437.

Ourand, J. (2014, June 16-22). Switch to C7 ad rating unlikely to have big impact on sports. Street & Smith’s Sports Business Journal, 17(10), p. 11.

Ourand, J. (2019a, May 13-19). Shanks: What Fox Sports sees in gaming. Street & Smith’s Sports Business Journal, 22(6), p. 8.

Ourand, J. (2019b, May 20-26). Making their move: ESPN and Fox Sports unveil contrasting strategies as they target the sports gambling market. Street & Smith’s Sports Business Journal, 22(7), p. 6-7.

Parke, A., Harris, A., Parke, J., Rigbye, J., & Blasczynski, A. (2014). The responsible marketing and advertising in gambling: A critical review. The Journal of Gambling Business and Economics, 8(3), 21-35.

Parry, W. (2019a, May 10). Fox Sports analysts to offer tips on betting. Newark Star-Ledger, A2.

Parry, W. (2019b, November 5). $7B to $8B market predicted by 2025. Newark Star-Ledger, A7.

Parry, W. (2019c, December 11). City wants a cut of sports betting tax. Newark Star-Ledger, A15.

Parry, W. (2020, January 15). Internet, sports bets spur AC to $3.3B take. Newark Star-Ledger, A15.

Paul, R.P., & Weinbach, A. (2007). The uncertainty of outcome and scoring in the determination of fan satisfaction in the NFL. Journal of Sports Economics, 12(2), 213-221.

Paul, R.P., Wachsman, Y., & Weinbach, A. (2012). Measuring and forecasting fan interest in NFL football games. The Journal of Gambling Business and Economics, 6(3), 34-46.

Peles, J.M. (2015). NCAA v. N.J.: New Jersey rolls the dice on a Tenth Amendment challenge to the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act. Jeffrey S. Moorad Sports Law Journal, 22(1), 149-177.

Prang, A. (May 15, 2019). ESPN, Caesars team up on betting. Wall Street Journal, p. B5.

Purdum, D. (2013, February 4-10). Arguments set for gambling suit. Street & Smith’s Sports Business Journal, 15(40), p. 8.

Raney, A.A. (2006). Why we watch and enjoy sports. In A.A. Raney & J. Bryant (eds.), Handbook of sports and media, (pp. 313-330). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Roy, D.P., & Goss, B.D. (2007). A conceptual framework of influences of fantasy sports consumption. Marketing Management Journal, 17(2), 96-108.

Ruihley, B.J., & Hardin, R.L. (2013). Focus on fantasy: An overview of fantasy sport consumption. In P.M. Pedersen (Ed.). Routledge Handbook of Sport Communication (pp. 269-278). New York, NY: Routledge.

Salaga, S., & Tainsky, S. (2015). Betting lines and college football television ratings. Economic Letters, 132, 112-116.

Sayre, K. (2019a, September 3). Online sports wagers bring big state payoffs. Wall Street Journal, p. A1-A2.

Sayre, K. (2019b, December 27). Sports betting pays big in Atlantic City. Wall Street Journal, p. B5.

Thomas, I, & Fisher, E. (2014, November 10-16). Daily fantasy goes big: NHL signs DraftKings; NBA in talks with pair. Street & Smith’s Sports Business Journal, 17(30), p. 1, 26.

Vielkind, J. (2019, July 17). New York casinos begin taking sports wagers. Wall Street Journal, p. A14.

Wann, D.L., Royalty, J., & Roberts, A. (2000). The self-presentation of sports fans: Investigating the importance of team identification and self-esteem. Journal of Sport Behavior, 23(2), 198-206.

Wenner, L.A., & Gantz, W. (1998). Watching sports on television: Audience experience, gender, fanship, and marriage. In L.A. Wenner (Ed.), Mediasport (pp. 233-251). London: Routledge.

Winters, K.C., & Derevensky, J.L. (2019). A review of sports wagering: Prevalence, characteristics of sports bettors, and association with problem gambling. Journal of Gambling Issues, 43(7), 102-127.

Zillmann, D. (1996). The psychology of suspense in dramatic exposition. In P. Vorderer, H.J. Wulff, & M. Friedrichsen (Eds.), Suspense: Conceptualizations, theoretical analyses, and empirical explorations (pp. 199-231). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.